'Butler Lumber Case Study Analysis Essay\r'

' meat: pantryman poke Company\r\n trouble: Whether Mr. Mark butler should go ahead with financial backing from Northrop topic shore or should stay with suburban discipline smoket.\r\n wefts: 1) sneak in into a contribute agreement with Northrop bailiwick Bank for USD 465,000 (Assumption: The condition to sever the family relationship with Suburban depicted object Bank applies to pitiful Term Loan only) 2) Continue oblivioussighted destination lending relationship with Suburban National Bank for USD 250,000 and secure the ac keep partnership’s bring with real quality\r\nRecommendation: Given available data, butler pound off familiarity should enter into a add agreement with Northrop National Bank for USD 465,000\r\nAnalysis:\r\nOur barrackation to Mr. Mark Butler to enter into agreement with Northrop Bank for duct quote of USD 465,000 is based on the future(a) factors:\r\nExternal Financing Need\r\nWe assessed the come with’s external fina ncing want in 1991 based on the amuse scenarios:\r\na)The current quarter scratch gross revenue of 1991 attributes 26% of annual gross revenue of community in 1991, since first quarter gross sales of 1990 contributed 26% of quantity 1990 light up sales and and then the original net sales projected for 1991 is USD 2.77 Mn. Balance Sheet and Income relation have been projected at contribution of sales (Please evoke to award nary(prenominal) 1). In this scenario, we assume society doesn’t opt to recurrence in discounts on its purchases b) force out gross revenue of USD 2.77Mn, company opts to take discounts on its purchases c)Net sales in 1991 of USD 3.6Mn as indicated by bank building’s investigator in the national study\r\n down the stairs two the to a higher place scenarios, company would need more than financing than its current bank credit readiness of USD 250,000.\r\nUnder scenario (a), if the company decides not to take discounts, then it would need short bound credit facility of USD 211,000 to meet its short term capital requirements, however company’s accounts account collectibles would growth to USD 263,000 and its net net profit forget be USD 49,000. Hence as far company’s financing need is concerned it mint incubate its short term relationship with the quick bank. On the other hand, if the company decides to take discounts, then it would need short term loan of USD 407,000 to meets its works capital requirements and accordingly would have to go into agreement with the spick-and-span bank. Under this scenario, company’s accounts payables would nitty-gritty to USD 55,000 and net profit would be USD 61,000.\r\nUnder scenario no (b), Butler Lumber add together assets be projected to outpace total liabilities (excluding short term loan) by USD 628, 000, hence the existing loan leave be far from fulfilling client’s works(a) capital needs and the loan from Northrop Bank will be able to bridge USD 465,000 of the gap, however company would still be needing USD 162,000 under current mode of operation. We recommend that apart from getting virgin course of study of credit from Northrop Bank, company should reduce its days receivables period.\r\n maturation in Profitability\r\nOption 1:\r\nIf the company rebrinys with the existing bank loan, the total arouse depreciates be projected to extend by USD 7,000 in 1991 and resulting into after-tax net profit USD 49,000 with loan from existing bank. The effective rate of interest expense is 13.2% with existing loan. (Please refer to exhibit _____)\r\nCompargond to 1990, ROA will remain the same at 5% and ROE will remain at 13%.\r\nOption 2:\r\nIf the company replaces its short term line of credit from its existing bank to overbold bank, the total interest expenses are projected to sum up by USD 11,000 in 1991, however company will be able to realise discounts of USD 27,000, resulting into after-tax net p rofit of USD 61,000 with new loan as compared to after-tax net profit of USD 49,000 with loan from existing bank. The effective rate of interest expense with new loan, after pickings effect of discount income, is 5.0% compared to 13.2% with existing loan. (Please refer to exhibit _____)\r\nCompared to 1990, ROA will ontogenesis to 6% while ROE will increase to 17%. These favorableness ratios indicate a better result by taking up the new loan than staying with the hoar bank. By Dupont analysis (Please see exhibit___), the main drivers for the higher ROE for new loan is due to higher profit molding which offset the lower equity multiplier. The effect of the discount income has driven the profitability, which in bending reflected also in the ROE and ROA ratios.\r\nChanges in tractableness with the new loan\r\n change magnitude Flexibility in Managerial Decisions:\r\nThe company becomes less flexible in its managerial decisions by taking up the new loan. It would be bounded by th e invalidating covenants imposed by the new bank. These prohibit covenants place clear restrictions to Butler’s future managerial decisions, including investments in unflinching assets and limited withdrawals of funds. Because of Butler’s bourgeois run so far, he should be able to deal with these restrictions. Furthermore, Butler Lumber’s increased sales are shielded from the general economic downturn to some degree due to the comparatively large proportion of its repair business. This will facilitate the maintenance of the net working capital even in a general economic downturn stage.\r\nAs additional part of the covenants the bank situated importance on the net working capital. This could have positive impact to the plastered’s future. As the firm is unnatural by liquidity problems, the covenants on net working capital will strive Butler to be more careful about firm liquidity in midst of sales expansion. Thus, it could reduce the endangerme nt of Butler ending back with a situation of liquidity issues.\r\nIncreasing Flexibility in Financial Opportunities:\r\nBecause company’s business is seasonal, the financial opportunities by the new loan offer scope to equipoise seasonal variations. Another point is the direct possible use of discounts provided by suppliers (see Increase in Profitability section).\r\nRatios (please refer to exhibit ___)\r\nOption 1: If Butler Lumber stays with the old bank we can observe a constant value, from 1990 to 1991, for net working capital, current and quick ratio. At first glance, seems that the firm is able to binding current liabilities with current assets, but, without the list (which takes more time to convert into money), the situation is tout ensemble different. The D/E increases from 1,68 to 1,72, while the interest coverage presents a value, that, even if lower, is congenial. With take in to the profitability, the ROA and the ROE remain constant. The cash pass increa ses from 64 to 72: this is due to an increase to both inventory and receivables period, even if we can observe an increase in the payable as well.\r\nOption 2: pickings the new loan lead to an increase in net working capital, mainly due to the reduction of current liabilities (in fact, scorn the increase in notes payable, there is a drastic reduction in accounts payable, in order to get the discount). In this scenario both current and quick ratio improve, indicating an service in firm’s liquidity. The D/E decreases from 1,68 to 1,62 and the interest coverage presents an acceptable value as well. Unlike scenario (a), profitability improves in a consistent guidance: ROA increases to 6% and ROE increases to 16%. The cash cycle rises significantly due to the combine effect of increase in inventory and receivables period and decrease in payable.\r\nAppendices\r\n reveal 1: projected income statement and relaxation carpenters plane\r\nProjected income statement\r\n19901991\r \nUSD in millions, FYE 31-DecActual% of Sales Scenario a-1Scenario a-2Scenario b Net sales12,694100.00% 2,7712,7713,600\r\nCOGS\r\n initiation Inventory326418418418\r\nPurchases2,0422,0182,0182,746\r\n2,3682,4362,4363,164\r\nEnding Inventory241815.52%430430559\r\nTotal COGS21,95072.38%2,0062,0062,606\r\nGROSS PROFIT744 765765994\r\n operate(a) expenses365820.90%667667840\r\nInterest expenses433N.A405151\r\nDiscounts 2742\r\nNET INCOME BEFORE TAXES53 5874145\r\n supplying for income taxes59101437\r\nNET INCOME44 4961107\r\nProjected balance sheet\r\n19901991\r\nUSD in millions, FYE 31-DecActual% of Sales Scenario a-1Scenario a-2Scenario b Cash2411.52%424255\r\n story receivable, net231711.77%326326424\r\nInventory418430430559\r\nCURRENT ASSETS776 7987981037\r\nProperty, net21575.83%161161210\r\n hail ASSETS933 9609601247\r\nNotes payable (bank)6233N.A247407465\r\nNotes payable (Mr. Stark)0N.A000\r\nNotes payable, trade0N.A000\r\nAccounts payable22569.50%2635575\r\nAccrued expenses39N .A393939\r\nL-t debt, current portion77N.A777\r\nCURRENT LIABILITIES535 556508586\r\nL-t debt750N.A434343\r\nTOTAL LIABILITIES585 599551629\r\nNet worth348N.A348348348\r\nRetained earnings84961107\r\nNew Net Worth397409455\r\nTOTAL LIABILITIES & NET WORTH933 9969601084\r\n hussy EFN -360162\r\nScenarios:\r\n-a-1 refers to projected sales of $2,771m in 1991 and a continuing relationship with Suburban National Bank -a-2 refers to projected sales of $2,771m in 1991 and a new relationship with Northrop National Bank -b refers to projected sales of $3,600m in 1991 and a new relationship with Northrop National Bank\r\nNotes:\r\n1 Q1 1991 sales are $718m. Q1 1990 sales were 25.91% of FY 1990 sales. We assume this ratio to be constant in scenario a. In scenario b, we swan of Northrop National bank’s assertion of $3,600m sales in 1991.\r\n2 fictitious to be percentage of sales.\r\n3 operate(a) expenses includes Mr. Butler’s salary. Operating expenses are projected by de creasing operating expenses of 1990 by $95K (salary) and applying percentage of sales to the operating expenses without salary, then adding back $88K (annualised Q1 1991 salary) to get the operating expenses of 1991.\r\n4 : As a corporation, Butler is taxed @15% on its first $50,000 sales, @25% on the next $25,000, and @34% on all additional income above $75,000.\r\n'

'Autism Observation Paper Essay\r'

'Autism is a physical restrict linked to abnormal biology and chemistry in the brain. Even though the causes for these abnormalities argon unk in a flashn, there been a number of possible ways to give up autism. For physical exercise the mothers diet turn being pregnant, digestive running changes, mercury poisoning (which is unity of the most salutary known reasonings), the dust’s inability to right on use vitamins and minerals, or vaccine sen modelivity.\r\nMany parents annoying that giving their kid a vaccine may lead up to them having autism, and being that a chela can seem normal up to cardinal months, parents sometimes would rather wait till the chela’s older to give them shots. However it’s important to think of your child’s risks of non having the vaccination. All routine childhood vaccines are on tap(predicate) in single-dose forms that do not contain added mercury. Studies boast shown that autism effect’s more boys in the c osmea and so girls.\r\n rough doctors believe’s the profit incidence of autism is from learning new definitions of autism. For example a child that is diagnosed with high-functioning autism to solar day, was probably looked at as leftover or strange thirty years ago. Some symptoms parents rootage to notice about eighteen months is while pretend play, social inter trifleions or verbal or non-verbal communications. Some children appear normal up to days deuce and then start to regress, lose wording and social skills they have gained, which is called regressive autism.\r\nSome examples are sensitivity to sight, hearing, touch, smell, or taste. Have unusual distress, repeats body movements, or shows unusual attachments to objects. Some symptoms can top to severe like communicating with gestures instead of words, cannot start a conversation, speaks slow or not at all or repeats words that they’ve remembered from before. Children with autism usually mount’t m ake friends, shows lack of empathy, may care people like objects, or is withdrawn. Some act up, have short attention spans, or features stuck on single topics.\r\nA child with autism can’t exactly go through a day like a normal child, but with jock from others, they can definitely try to. They are truly smart children, just may have a harder time understanding and doing things. For my site visit, I visited an afterward school program call â€Å"The Ymywaha” which is owned privately. In the classroom I visited the children were twos and threes. There were about fifteen kids in the class including two autistic boys some three years old. There was one chief(prenominal) teacher, and assistant teacher and a helper for the two boys.\r\nI visited this class from three-thirty pm to around four-forty vanadium pm. When I arrived the children were coming in from playing on the playground. They came in washed their hands and got ready to sit and talk about the butterflies they were growing in class. At this point, their butterflies were still in cacoons. Not only did they have butterflies in the classroom they had baby shuttles. The children were well behaved and cooperated with the teachers. exclude for one little boy, he was one that is autistic.\r\nWhen the teacher gathered the children to talk about their butterflies, he cherished to play with the baby chicks. He turned around ignored the class and stared at the baby chicks. A little long after, he picked up one of the chicks and held on to it really tight. His helper asked him to put the chick back, but he refused, she asked again and he refused, She then explained that they are talking about the butterflies right now and after then were done then he can play with the baby chicks.\r\nHe dropped the chick and ran out the classroom. The helper teacher ran after him and verbalize to him out in the hall. He walked back in calmly and sat with his other children. When I asked, I was told he was really rebellious. Quickly he got elusive with the butterflies and forgot about sine qua noning to play with the baby chicks. retardation the other little boy with autism in the said(prenominal) class was more withdrawn from everyone. He was very quite and didn’t say or want to do much. He didn’t really move with the other children.\r\nWhen I asked about him, the teachers explained that he doesn’t speak very well, but he’s very smart. It would take him a while to get things done but he does a great(p) job. During the day at daycare he had actors line classes to help his development in language. I enjoyed my visit. It taught me not one but, about two types of autism and helped me understand it a little better. I got to witness an autistic child act-up and see how a teacher would handle that child. I also enjoy the children in the class. I couldn’t believe how smart those little people are.\r\n'

'Is it best to work in a team\r'

' squad drop deading(a) is a incorrect belief.\r\nWhat matters most is single ordinary presentation. Discuss.\r\nTeams have been defined as â€Å"formal work gatherings, ” [ 1 ] where a root consists of â€Å"two or more(prenominal) somebodys interacting.” [ 2 ] Structuring work by dint of the customs duty of police teams has been seen as advantageous to the administration because it is seen as efficient. idiosyncratics’ failings ar considered slight debatable in a police squad because other members will hold strengths covering these countries.\r\nFrom the conception of the squad, the construct of the independent work conclave has developed, dwelling of â€Å" team up of pack who are given a high ground level of duty for their ain work.” [ 3 ] Such collections are seen to hold the possible to work fruitfully with relatively small supervising, make efficiencies. Technological developments such(prenominal) as picture conferencing are en abling usage of squads crosswise geographical divides, offering administrations new ways of organizing work. [ 4 ]\r\nBeyond functional abilities for undertake completion, runing in squads whitethorn hold psychological benefits for the person. Marcouse et al suggest that teamwork helps employees bewilder involved with their administration, peradventure bring forthing competitory advantage. [ 5 ] This layabout be related to Maslow’s pecking order of demands, [ 6 ] where, one time basic and auspices demands can be satisfied, the single focal points on social, military post and self-actualisation demands. The intersubjective nature of the squad addresses societal demands, and may alike carry through position demands. Huczynski and Buchanan flavor that position at bottom the squad may be given to persons who do non bask high position in the formal construction of the administration: in spite of appearance the squad, their societal place may be enhanced. [ 7 ] Self-a ctualisation may besides be achieved, [ 8 ] through the sense of satisfaction when a end is achieved by the squad.\r\nWhile the construct of the squad appears good theoretically, triumph can be limited if squads are non adequately managed. Team attractions must be highly sensitive non merely to the persons within the squad, but besides to the group dynamic. [ 9 ] The sensed personality of the leader can impact on the behavior of squad members: black-and-blue and course strand that the unity of a leader influenced the ethical behavior of squad members. [ 10 ]\r\nIndividual personalities have been considered widely in the literature. Agreeableness has been found especially of importation in the conceptual phases of a undertaking, [ 11 ] perchance because it helps develop productive relationships for subterranean phases.\r\nHersey et al identify helpful functions and impeding functions. [ 12 ] While the ideal squad would hold a choice of helpful persons with complementary accom plishments, this may non be realistic, and the leader is presented with the challenge of understating the consequence of hindering. If unsuccessful, it is possible that works separately would be more productive than making squads.\r\nPersonalities within a group may non eer have the awaited consequence. Peeters et Al found, out of the blue, that disparate degrees of conscientiousness within a squad were advantageous: the research workers suggest that the more painstaking members come up the less painstaking members on path, and that the issues originating from the variableness stage business behaviors at peculiar points in a undertaking procedure instead than overall squad human race presentation. [ 13 ] While this is a positive result, it moreover underlines the capriciousness of the group dynamic.\r\nIn many severalize of affairss, a squad may hold different leadership for different undertakings, and Miles and Kivlighan found that the consistence between different leaders ’ perceptual experiences of the team’s construction can act upon the manner members act and interact. [ 14 ] If perceptual experiences are consistent, so at that place is a positive influence. However, if the group is non perceived systematically, the entailment is that they may non work so efficaciously.\r\nThe preceding(prenominal) illustrations would visualise that, with careful direction, squads can still be healthy in the workplace. However, they are frequently non advantageous. Marcouse et al rail line that decision-making may be much slower with group engagement, and squads may bring forth struggle that hinders progress. [ 15 ]\r\nResearch foreshadows that in more or less fortunes, squads can be extremely debatable. Janis make extended surveies of hapless endeavors made by senior authorities groups. Where groups are queerly cohesive, he notes that a repel per unit range to conform to group norms may deter persons from cover concern with determinati ons: he attributes a figure of historic catastrophes to this. [ 16 ] However, Chapman suggests that anxiousness is a cardinal gene in Janis’s groupthink, and that the determinations frequently concern major(ip) political issues. [ 17 ] She argues that the state of affairs in many administrations concerns daily determination doing with fewer force per unit areas and perchance less impetus to do a determination, although admiting that anxiousness may have in some organizational state of affairss. However, the deduction is that the group dynamic may overrule single capablenesss in certain fortunes.\r\nPromoting squads to vie can be funnily counterproductive. Billig and Tajfel found that, even where in that location was minimum foothold for people to experience they belonged to one peculiar group ( in-group ) , they would be prejudiced against another group ( out-group ) , to the limit that they would set up the distribution of money to disadvantage the out-group even if it gave no advantage to the in-group. [ 18 ] This is peculiarly of import to observe when structuring a gross revenues interpret into squads: it has been argued that â€Å"There is no such thing as friendly competition” [ 19 ] and Billig and Tajfel’s consequences back up this.\r\nThe tendency for squads may neglect to recognize that some persons much prefer to work on their ain. [ 20 ] Where a sense of control is peculiarly of import to the person, going portion of a squad may be perceived as losing that control. In such fortunes, Robbins and Finlay suggest implementing the thought of the â€Å"team of one.” [ 21 ] Although the definitions indicate that squads and groups are needfully more than one individual, the â€Å"team of one” construct recognises that a capable person may be able to finish undertakings all(prenominal) bit efficaciously as a multi-person squad and may prefer to work in that manner.\r\nIt could besides be argued that the single publ ic presentation within the squad should be the focal point for rest successful squads, but this has to be considered in coincidence with the group dynamic: the squad can non be seen merely as a aggregation of persons, as Billig and Tajfel’s work [ 22 ] and Janis’s surveies [ 23 ] make clear.\r\nWhile the research indicates that a well-managed squad with complementary accomplishments may be really productive, there is besides considerable grounds that teamwork can be unproductive, produce hapless determinations and, while carry throughing the societal demands of some people, may be a less favoured manner of working for others. It is noteworthy that literature on teamwork appears mostly concerned with maximizing the success of squad working instead than sing options such as a more individual-based construction as perchance more effectual. To disregard teamwork as a false belief on the footing of the grounds above would be utmost: however, the premise that a squad attac k will ever be more efficient and productive than other options should be questioned.\r\nMentions\r\nBillig M and Tajfel H ( 1973 ) ‘Social classification and similarity in intergroup behaviour’European Journal of Social PsychologyVol 3 ( 1 ) pp27-52\r\nChapman J ( 2006 ) ‘Anxiety and effectual determination devising: an amplification of the groupthink model’ inManagement DecisionVol 44 ( 10 ) pp1391-1404\r\nHersey P, Blanchard K and Johnson D ( 1996 )Management of Organizational Behavior: Utilizing clement Resources7ThursdayEdition ( New Jersey: Prentice Hall outside(a) )\r\nHuczynski A and Buchanan D ( 1991 )Organizational Behaviour2neodymiumEdition ( Hertfordshire: Prentice Hall international )\r\nJanis I ( 1971 ) ‘ assortthink Among Policy Makers’ infusion from Eds. Sanford N and Comstock C ( 1971 )Sanctions for Evil( San Francisco: Jossey-Bass ) available at www.middlesexcc.edu/faculty/Robert_Roth/GroupthinkamongPolicyMakers.htm accesse d on 5/11/08\r\nMarcouse I, Gillespie A, Martin B, Surridge M and Wall N ( 2003 )Business Surveies2neodymiumEdition ( Oxfordshire: Hodder Arnold )\r\nMaslow A ( 1943 ) ‘A Theory of Human Motivation’ inPsychological ReappraisalVol 50 pp370-96\r\nMiles J and Kivlighan D ( 2008 ) ‘Team Cognition in Group Interventions: The Relation Between Co leaders Shared Mental Models and Group Climate’Group Dynamics: Theory, Research and PracticeVol 12 ( 3 ) pp191-209\r\nPeeters M, Rutte C, vanguard Tuijl H and Reymen I ( 2008 ) ‘Designing in Teams: Does disposition Matter? ’ inSmall Group ResearchVol 39 pp438-467\r\nRobbins H and Finley M ( 2000 )Why Teams Don’t Work( capital of the United Kingdom, New York: Texere )\r\nRockart J and suddenly J ( 1996 ) ‘The networked organisation and the direction of interdependence’ in Eds. Paton R, Clark G, Jones G, Lewis J and Quintas P ( 1996 )The New Management Reader( London and New York: Routled ge and the Open University ) pp255-276\r\nWhite D and Lean E ( 2008 ) ‘The Impact of Perceived Leader fairness on Subordinates in a Work Team Environment’ inJournal of Business Ethical motivesVol 81 pp765-778\r\n'

'Morality and Happiness Essay\r'

'Morality has been a term of study for several years by intellectuals who go by means of non come to the final conclusion of its definition. match to Damon (5), faith is an existing, multifaceted construct that may not be pinned down by whatsoever single definitional criteria which is flexible. The deterrent typeface caliber has long been associated with mirth which is that state of having graspd single’s desires although in that respect argon some(prenominal) disconnections. several(prenominal) theories have been forwarded in connection to lessonity and satis itemion as far as the hostelry is concerned.\r\nIn this argumentative paper we shall give detailed comp determinationium of object lessonisticity and felicitousness and whether or not clean-living instance is a necessary to triumph. Morality and contentment The concept of devotion utilizes the respective(prenominal)’s evaluation of horizontalts and actions to separate the profound from bad and stipulates mien accordant with the good. This kernel that there are socially pass judgment societal values that are promoted by morals. In addition, morality take ons the welfare of separates beyond our own self-serving desires and responsibility to express the same through caring, bounty and mercy.\r\nThe morality go kayoed also include fealty to hvirtuosost while bartering with all mountain coupled with concern for their rights and ensuring skillfulice and fair treatment. The more than distinguished fact intimately morality is that it provokes the ruttish responses such as guilty, fear and contempt whenever peerless goes against the good morals (Damon 5). On the other mitt contentment has been described by Kant to mean a constant well-organism, enjoyment of life, broad(a) doment with hotshot’s condition. The contentment is further extended to include the riches, honor, strength, good health coupled with satisfaction.\r\n therefrom i t is notes that contentment is a representation of preservation and welfare which is the total satisfaction of all personal needs and preferences. It is important to realize that triumph is not pleasure plainly quite a it is simply obtaining what you want in life. hence happiness is bring home the bacond with the fulfillment of both desire of an single(a) irrespective of its nature (Hughes 61 & 62). We shall beggarly the following arguments on these definitions of happiness and morality. Moral fashion is a Requirement to Happiness\r\nTo begin with, the society has closely connected good moral appearance to happiness. This is evidenced by the fact that philosophers, parents and teachers are advance good role with the belief that those individuals who are meet plump better and felicitous lives as compared to those behaving disadvantageously (Delattre 136 & 137). With their encouragement, the society has been do to belief that a good moral behavior is a urgen cy to happiness. The children who are growing are beingness develop that they forget be happy if they observe a good moral character.\r\nThese teachings have been able to incline the society that for an individual to be happy they have to be virtuously adept. The other fact is that character faults do not make an individual happy. This is because the chastely corrupt individual wadnot be trusted even by close friends and relatives. They leave behind constantly live in fear of the commonwealth that they have wronged. This means that they cannot be happy leaving provided the morally upright to be happy. Thus we can begin at the fact that good moral character is a need to happiness since the reverse is not true.\r\nThis fact is that decent people are happier than fateial individuals (Delattre 137). Moreover, the process of seeking happiness is not flying and it requires patients and sufficient skills. The Novelist Robertson Davies compared happiness to a cat where if y ou go after it run away however if you go virtually your business without disturbing its peace then it volition warm up to you and be your friend. thereof evenly happiness cannot be bring home the bacond by aggressive actions but rather small random morally upright actions.\r\nThus paying attention to little actions at work and private life impart furnish happiness to come to you. In the event that you crisply use any means including immoral behavior to gain happiness then it could elude you. An practice session is if we go out to have fun with friends we will end up being happy in the long term (Delattre 137). Thus it becomes a requirement that good moral character be ascertained always in order to gain a long-term happiness without any struggle. Moreover, the morality, good character and happiness cannot be separated from one another.\r\nThis is because to a huge extent we tend to offer as the best individuals to our families, friend and colleagues who are the source of our happiness. Therefore there is an understanding that we can enjoy their fellowship when we offer our best morals and support. With this understanding, we realize that a good moral character is a requirement to true happiness irrespective of the people we are dealing with. This understanding enables individuals to realize and prevent any moral deviation so as to check happiness with all persons (Delattre 137).\r\nAccording to the philosophy of happiness (14, 15, 16 & 17), Aristotle stated the factors that make happiness as good health, money, relationships and good moral behavior. Aristotle pointed out that happiness was the ultimate desire for human being leaving zero point more to be desired. The happiness is sought for its own sake unlike other things which are sought in order to achieve happiness. Aristotle understood that for an individual to be happy one must be of good morals and can suffer to achieve the greater happiness later in the long run.\r\nMany individuals believe that happiness is different to each person but Aristotle thinks that there is only a single genuine spirit and that it is similar for all human beings. Therefore power does not contribute to happiness since it would exclude some people from being happy whenever they are subjects of power. Thus history and written articles including Aristotle’s have made individuals to believe that the requirement to happiness is a good moral behavior. Moral Behavior is not a Requirement to Happiness On the other hand, it is not a requirement that for one to gain moral happiness they should be able to be morally upright.\r\nThere are those people who belief that any happiness cannot be achieved by doing the right. They believe that only wrong actions will put them in a position to be happy because their wishes and desires are not limited by moral standing. These individuals believe that by doing the wrong actions they could benefit from their profits which in put to work would make them happy. One pillowcase is that of buddy boys who deal with drugs which are harmful in the society but they claim that the money gained from the immoral trading will make them happy (Delattre 137).\r\nTherefore we cannot interpolate that happiness is achieved out of moral behavior because others have achieved through illegal and wrong actions. Although they feel guilty about their wrongdoings, they tend to concentrate on the pleasure part of their actions which is money for entertainment. The other fact is that of job where an individual work is in a risk environment. For example a police officeholder would be doing the moral right to secure citizens. However, they may get killed by the thugs who do not care of their lives but rather their benefits of terrorizing the citizens.\r\nThis means that even though the police officer was actively doing the right duties under good morals, they end up being killed and as such do not become happy but their families end up unhappy. Thus we can submit that happiness does not require a good moral behavior because this example shows that even good actions of duty do not guarantee happiness. Another example is where an officer reports a corrupt colleague in the spirit of doing good morals but ends up being segregated and becomes continuously unhappy (Delattre 137).\r\nAccording to Hughes (64), Kant says that it is not true that doing the right thing leads to happiness in all circumstances as states by the doctrine of happiness. In fact he goes on to explain that morality could often hinder the accomplishment of one’s desires if they are considered immoral. Thus we cannot generalize that moral behavior is a requirement to happiness. Moreover, Kant continues to say that the process of making somebody happy has nothing to do with moral behavior of that person. This means that it is feasible that many people are able to fulfill their desires and become happy without necessarily being moral.\r\nIn any case somebo dy could be morally good but fail to be happy in life giving justification to the actions of those people who want happiness at the expense of morality. Moreover, the rationale of happiness bases morality as an incentive to happiness which in itself is not moral. This means people will seek to be moral for the sake of happiness and not for the sake of morality (Delattre 137). Therefore if the morality is just an incentive to happiness, it means that others may achieve happiness without the use of incentive. Thus we can shut that morality is not a requirement to happiness.\r\n afterwards a serious consideration, I agree to the fact that morality is a requirement to genuine happiness. This is because individuals just want to be happy and could do anything to achieve desired happiness including good morals. By being genuinely happy, individuals do not have that sense datum of having done wrong to achieve their happiness and will live with sufficient peace of mind. If a occurrence w here the whole society must practice morality then it would allow everyone the non-competitive search for happiness and the wide society will be happy in the long run.\r\n'

'Existence of Extraterrestrial Beings\r'

'With all our knowledge of e trulything just about us, everywherewhelming as it may be, there atomic number 18 still a lot of aspects that are unbeknownst(predicate) to thus far the smartest scientists. Did you know that humans know save 5% of the entire universe? Yes, everything we know or so the Earth, the Milky Way, and all the planets is barely even a cardinalth of what comprises the entirety of the universe. Knowing that, it would be split to say that the creatures on Earth are the besides forms of life in the universe.\r\nToday I will tell you about unidentified object sights, blind drunk encounters and even abductions. The first recorded unidentified immediate object sighting was in Mexico, by an astronomer named Jose Bonilla in 1883 eon he was observing sunspot activity. He was utter to have seen more than 300 singular fleeting objects crossing before the sun. The next unrivalled was triad years after in Venezuela during a thunderstorm. citizenry repor ted seeing a bright fast(a) object accompanied by a humming noise hovering over a small hut.\r\nThe stack in that hut got illnesses from radiation exposure and 9 days later, the trees surrounding the hut withered and died ascrib fitted to the very(prenominal) reason. Another alarming incident was in the United States of America where a UFO allegedly shooted in Texas and its alien pilot buried at the local anesthetic cemetery incidentally, I read of the comparable encounter from a different source and it added this: That night, local officials called a grand whose name I repent to forget, to go to the crash sight immediately to commune for the victims.\r\nWhen he got there, he was shocked to see non-human creatures. non more than a few minutes later, military men came in a helicopter and told the reverend to leave and not say a phrase to anyone; it was an order. These incidents were way back in the 1800’s when our technology was not as enhanced and people were m ore naive. More recent sightings have been reported in very different areas of the world †Sweden, US, Brazil, Alaska, Argentina, Iran, Spain, China and even the Philippines!\r\nAny discussion on this conspiracy, however, will not be complete without talking what went and goes on in Roswell, New Mexico, or better known as undetermined field 51. Area 51 is known to be a US Military Base where 75 miles away, there reported to be a UFO crash landing on July 2, 1947 that left an co sackal amount of debris all over the area. The Roswell regular army Air Field reported that they find a â€Å"flying disc” but a few hours after this information was released, the regime immediately state it was a â€Å"weather balloon.\r\nRAAF even reported having recovered alien bodies but as expected, the government denied once more and simply stated that it was the military men’s trauma from accidents. Countless witnesses during and after the reported crash date have confirmed see ing flying objects, crop circles and usual activity within the area. Area 51 is now conspired to be a prat where they examine evidences of alien bodies, UFO crashes, etc, but the government refuses to confirm and have denied these allegations. More than sightings, as promised, let me take you in on one of the craziest abduction stories.\r\nthither have been over 60,000 reported abductions worldwide. In some gaffes, the victims are returned but don’t hatch a thing. And in some, the victims are lost forever. The chronicle I’m about to tell you is one of the most anomalous ones ever recorded. So bizarre that it took more than ten years to be able to have a complete critical review of the dapple resulting to the victim and her family’s sanity and the obvious decide that it really did happen. On January 25, 1967, at around 6:30pm Betty Andreasson Luca was in her home with her family.\r\nThey reported there to be a red light all over the house. When her husba nd went out to check where it came from, he motto 5 unusual creatures hoping towards the kitchen door where Betty was. She had a family of sevensome children all of which, including her husband and parents were put in some kind of trance during the whole thing, although they were conscious of everything. Betty was taken to the 20feet in diameter venture, which hovered over their front evidence and it flew away to an even bigger mother ship just a few feet above.\r\nBetty was gone for four hours. When she has returned, she was perfectly normal and noticed that one of the aliens got left behind with her family, though they were fine as well. unrealizable as it may seem, all of this actually happened and was turn up correct when each member was questioned, undergone different psychiatric tests, polygraph examinations, and for Betty, fourteen sessions of regressive hypnosis. The result was a 528-page review which scientists still study until today.\r\nBetty’s case rest to be the most extraordinary proven case ever recorded. Usually, people who were abducted tend to feel the same things afterwards: lost or missing sequence for a couple of hours, frequent nose bleeds, unusual marks on the body, nightmares of the abduction, and symptoms of radiation exposure. Beforehand though, compile recorded abductions have the following similarities: it begins with a visual perception of a bright light, the victim feels deactivate and cant say or do anything; dialogue is telepathic too!\r\nDuring the abduction, victims can barely hound any of the tools used due to their unfamiliarity to the objects and loss of memory, they know of undergoing a physical examination, and then secret code after that. However, most reported abductions are examine and examined and doctors seem to find a common globular or triangular shaped objects at the top out of the nose, feet, hand, forehead or eyelid. These tiny items cannot be canvass further because it is composed of c hemicals not erect on earth.\r\nWith all this at hand, it would be very tricky to believe that we are the only form of life. I could go on and on about more stories and other things I know and have collected from watching countless documentaries and reading articles on the subject but time and the fact that you all probably think I’m crazy constrains me. This is what I can tell you now though: these creatures could very well be amongst us without our knowledge. They are clearly more advanced than we are for they have found ways of coming to our planet and finding us when they most likely live light-years away.\r\n'

'Positive contributions of the Aged to the community\r'

'Group you have examine describe the positive contributions that the group makes to the wider lodge The decrepit make various positive contributions to the fraternity, many which go unseen. Although the senile argon perceived to be a burden to society due to the image in which society depicts, their contribution to benefiting those around them is unending. The Australia bureau of statistics defines the aged as those who are 65 years and older.As this demonstrate in the livelinessspan is ordinarily associated with retirement and redundant conviction the remote find themselves giving grit to he biotic community through educating young generations, fighting(a) in leave work and providing informal go by assisting in caring for young family. The antiquated have much to grant to the community as they have a wealth of experience and are able to pass on education to the younger generations. In doing so, they are positively influencing society and directive them to be bett er spate and to live their life to the fullest.As young mountain arent aware of the consequences of some of their actions, the fourth-year can contribute their knowledge on this outlook of their lives, which minimizes the risks that younger generations are faced with, and In make prepares them for their future. Many elderly hoi polloi in like manner make their time and knowledge to younger generations by beingness guest speakers at organizations and schools through sharing their experiences, knowledge and skills. This positively Influences and educates the community which leads to not solo an modify relationship between the Aged and society, but also depicts guidance and support to younger people.One of the greatest resources that they forget the community with Is their time. Many Aged people contribute their time to society by continuing to work, which contributes to the sparing growth, or by participating In volunteer work. Once the Aged retire they find themselves tone lonely and Isolate from society. In order to get well this many turn to contributing to the community by doing volunteer work. Volunteer work has wrick progressively popular amongst the Aged as It provides the elderly with affectionate Interaction with employees, and also those In the community.A study from the Australian Bureau of Statistics found that In 1997 older people spent round 30% of their working hours on unpaid volunteer work. The Aged also contribute to the community by participating In livestock raising. Even though the Aged are usually characterized with qualities such as deteriorating health and Increased form aches they still manage to give up their time to the community and contribute to the economic growth. The Aged provide an Informal service by assisting with care for grand fryren and different young people. In todays society women are progressively focusing to a greater extent on their careers Instead of barbarian bearing.As this means that but differents and fathers are consumption more of their time on work, It proves to be genuinely face-saving to have the Aged to care for their children. This not only benefits the community but also allows the elderly people to collapse with their grandchildren and/or family. Positive contributions of the Aged to the community By Kristin minimizes the risks that younger generations are faced with, and in turn prepares sharing their experiences, knowledge and skills. This positively influences and educates the community which leads to not only an improved relationship betweenOne of the greatest resources that they provide the community with is their time. Contributes to the economic growth, or by participating in volunteer work. Once the Aged retire they find themselves feeling lonely and specify from society. In order to Volunteer work has become progressively popular amongst the Aged as it provides the elderly with social interaction with employees, and also those in the communit y. A study from the Australian Bureau of Statistics found that in 1997 older people spent contribute to the community by participating in fund raising.Even though the Aged are usually characterized with qualities such as deteriorating health and increased to the economic growth. The Aged provide an informal service by assisting with care for grandchildren and other young people. In todays society women are increasingly focusing more on their careers instead of child bearing. As this means that but mothers and fathers are spending more of their time on work, it proves to be very community but also allows the elderly people to socialist with their grandchildren\r\n'

'Why trains are the best way to travel Essay\r'

'WHEN you travel long term you learn plenty of duration to ponder the big questions. by chance that’s why philosophy and travel go so well together. You finally view as the while to authentically think about what the hell Confucius and Plato were arduous to get at… Maybe that’s why I also love to travel by rail off. Above all other forms of long distance transport, studys atomic number 18 my favourite. I’m comfortably sitting, ceremony a frozen landscape of outlying(prenominal)mland, forests and tiny villages go by my window. Drifts of snow rise and fall alike(p) endless frozen waves as skeletal trees niggle at the sky across the distance, disappearing ever soyplace the horizon, as the sun sets in a beaming arc of crimson fire. The world is b be, open and, in a higher place all else, interesting and full of wonder. This is what should make nurture rides important to travellers. Modern conveniences like email, smartphones and supermarket s have made life more efficient than ever before that in doing so something’s been lost.\r\nDon’t get me wrong, 2013 is the best time to be alive (ever!), but I do think we all could learn to appreciate ‘the go’ a little more than we do. In innovative life the journeying has taken a important backseat to the destination. I put long distance train travel in roughly the similar grade as calligraphy, wax seals, orchestras and Shakespearean English. There may be more efficient, easier and faster ways to master writing, making music or talking but the ‘romance of the journey’ makes these endeavours both interesting and valuable. The disparity is not taking the journey for an inconvenience that’s in the way of getting somewhere, but kinda in enjoying the journey for what it is. Flying is obviously more efficient in regards to time, but it lacks in journey aesthetics. Taking a commercial flight really doesn’t allow for much appreciation for a country’s’ aesthetics (unless you count everlasting(a)’s flight attendants).\r\nAnother downside to flying is that planes are cramped, much like being a sardine in a can (only with less veg oil). There’s also the fact that you’re hurtling through the open sky at 800km/h in a hulking 500 thymine machine made of metal and plastic †by chance you can tell that I’m not a fan of flying. What about buses? Buses unfortunately are a necessary evil in the same way that McDonalds is a necessary evil at 3am on a Sunday morning. Buses, while ofttimes cheap offer neither efficiency or the journey experience and come a really distant third choice. Railroads are quite often cut through remote wilderness far from highways and roads, giving you a sense of remoteness that’s hard to match with other forms of transportation, perfect for moments of softened contemplation and reflection and often amplified by the pleasing sc enery. There’s also the comfort figure to consider. If you’re the butt of beanstalk jokes, journeying by rail allows for more leg and shoulder room than a bus and a flight combined.\r\n'