Influences Leading to the Holocaust Essays - Racism, Religion

Influences Leading to the Holocaust Kadeejah Johnson History 404 Section 555 Dr. Sochan In 1933 Germany gave the name of chancellor to Adolf Hitler, one of history's most notorious mass genocide murders. While much of his views were on anti-Semitism, it was not enough to despise the Jewish faith alone, but to end the lives of these people through a word from the Greek called, "Holocaust" . This paper's purpose is to use the eleven-year history of this horrible event during the period of 1933 and 1945 , and counter as to what lead up to the mass murder of 6 million Jews and the war conjuring conclusion, that ended the reign of Adolf Hitler, and the Nazi party. The paper will also examine the how the Jews became the target of Germany's hatred, the unhumanitarian acts of the concentration camps , and the event that led to the fall of Germany' s leader and mass genocide. After President Paul von Hindenburg's death in 1934, Hitler appointed himself as Fuhrer which made him the supreme ruler of Germany. The root of Adolf Hitler's virulent brand of anti-Semitism is uncertain however, he had the idea that had resulted in the "extermination of the Jewish race" . He had become seemingly fixated with the superiority of the pure German race, which was known to him as "Aryan" which led to an expansion of this race living in Germany alone. Let us take note that anti-Semitism did not begin with Adolf Hitler, and that history and evidence of hostility toward Jews dates to the ancient world, where Roman's destroyed the Jewish temple and forced them to leave Palestine . There is much history that dates to the separation of Jewish people and their religion, however, what took place in Germany left an imprint on the world's history. There could be several reasons that Hitler had discriminated against the Jews, but th is paper will focus on only two and those are the Nazis efforts to annihilate the followers of Judaism, and the Jewish attempt to riot against the government. The second will focus on how the government's economy in Germany sought Jews as the reason behind their debt and what efforts they took against the Jews. Germany believed that the Jews were the reason behind the country losing World War One, which he found that because the race was so impure and of Aryan, the fighters were weak and could not defend the country an d its territories. Bibliography Haugen, David M., and Susan Musser. The Holocaust. Farmington Hills, MI: Greenhaven , 2001. Print. Perspectives on Modern World History . "Holocaust." The World Book Encyclopedia.2007. Print. Soumerai, EveN., and Carol D. Schulz. The Changing Lives of Jews, "Daily Life During the Holocaust, Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1998. 57+. Print.

An essay about transformation by theatre in Shakespeares The Tempest. Transformation of Prospero, of the audience and of Shakespeare himself

An essay about transformation by theatre in Shakespeares The Tempest. Transformation of Prospero, of the audience and of Shakespeare himself 1. The Transformation of ProsperoIn Shakespeare's "The Tempest" the figure of Prospero, the former Duke of Milan, forms the key element of all actions and developments throughout the play. He incorporates absolute power over the other characters and generates the plot of the play almost uninfluenced. For an in-depth understanding of the play it is therefore indispensable to analyse whether or not he undertakes a transformation in character or behaviour and hence interrupts a straight development of the plot.Taking into consideration his first and last scene of appearance the audience might get the impression of a major change in character. In the beginning he is presented as an extremely powerful magician, driven by a feeling of revenge. " Hast thou, spirit, performed to point the tempest that I bade thee? - To every article." (1.2.194-196) In the last scene he lays off all his supernatural powers and wants to return to being the Duke of Milan, the position he held before having been deported to the island.English: Prospero and Ariel (from Shakespeare's Th..." ...to work mine end upon their senses that this airy charm is for, I'll break my staff, ...and deeper than did ever plummet sound I'll drown my book." (5.1.553-57)But on a deeper analysis of the play one realises that he makes much more the impression of a dramatist, building the story successively towards a happy ending, where he can let all powers behind because his cause is finished and at the same time just. Right at the beginning of his first appearance he predicts that nobody will be harmed and therefore expresses his aim to come to a peaceful understanding. " The direful spectacle of the wreck,...I have...so safely ordered that there is no soul - no, not so much perdition as an hair betid to any...

Check order instruction and attachment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Check order instruction and attachment - Essay Example First, people are allowed to enroll for membership either online or through conventional means. BUSC also makes itself known by visiting schools and recreational areas to initiate new members into its program. Going by organisational practices in BUSC’s premises, I gathered that BUSC’s packages are designated into divisions so that there are Divisions 1, 2, 3 and 4 so that an individual can therefore decide which group he will join. BUSC neither recognizes specific age group limitations nor denies participation to some people because of age. This is underscored by the fact that the Club’s philosophy makes it plain that no child is denied participation because of financial constraint. BUSC also factors the adult and has an array of services tailor-made for this group, as is attested by the presence of the Parent/Player Corner. The activity age is appropriate since different age groups have specific needs, yet parents have always wanted their entire families to accompany children in their outdoor activities. This means that the activity age becomes helpful in satisfying both adults’ and children’s needs. By the phrase children, it is meant, anyone who has not attained the legal age or is still under the care of his parents. The Ballistic United Soccer Club has a strong mission, objective and value standpoint which coalesces into its organisational culture. This culture dictates the conduct of its personnel, clientele and BUSC personnel-public relations and therefore wards off cases of professional and personal misconduct within BUSC premises. There are also strong safety measures and trained personnel who can handle different forms of crises which may occur in BUSC’s site. This means that chances for distractions such as criminal cases, criminality, negligence and tortuous cases are limited. Ballistic United Soccer Club has had considerable success in engaging all participants. The fact that the Club has managed the participants for about 5 decades

Motivations For Attendance At Notting Hill Festival Literature review

Motivations For Attendance At Notting Hill Festival - Literature review Example The Notting Hill carnival has been taking place on the last weekend of August each year since 1965. The carnival has become a major London and national event with over a million people attending each year. The carnival began as a way to address hate crime as well as race riots that took place in 1958. Since then, the carnival continues to be an anti-hate crime event endorsing racial harmony and the celebration of differences. The event not only brings together the black community but also tourists and Londoners alike in the biggest street festival in Europe. This study will seek to understand the fundamental magnitudes of motivations for attending the famous Notting Hill Carnival. The study will also try to discover why visitors’ numbers have decreased over the last six years of the Notting Hill Carnival. Finally, the study will analyse whether overcrowding and disruptive behavior has an effect on visitation. This research is important because it will bring awareness and critical understanding for the reason behind tourists or individuals attending the famous ‘hallmark event’; Notting Hill Carnival. Hallmark events is said to be an event that occurs in a town, city or region each year, on a specific date or around a specific time. For instance, Notting Hill Carnival occurs every year on the August bank holiday Sunday and Monday. Richie (1984, p. 2) defines hallmark events as: Major one-time or recurring events of limited duration, developed primarily to enhance awareness, appeal and profitability of a tourism destinat ion in the short term and/or long term. Such events rely for their success on uniqueness, status, or timely significance to create interest and attract attention. Notting Hill is a prime example of a well-known Hallmark event, which is why the study focuses on the key motivational factors for tourists attending the yearly event as well as importance of continuous attendance at the event. 1.2 Why Recent research has focused on visitor motivation and they experience they seek within music festival (Pegg & Patterson, 2010, p. 86). Consequently, not many studies have

The Events of September 11 Attacks Research Paper

The Events of September 11 Attacks - Research Paper Example In Hamburg, most of the secondary planners and pilots became radical and better equipped to attack. In the morning of September 11, 2001, four planes were hijacked by 19 militants said to be mostly of the Saudi Arabia origin who subscribe to the ideals of Al Qaeda, undertook attacks targeting the US. They used four California-bound flights, taking control soon after their take-off. Some of the terrorists took charge of two commercial airliners and crashed them into the World Trade Center’s twin towers at about 8.45am. Another airliner was crashed into the Pentagon by another group of terrorists at 9.45am. Another group took charge of yet another commercial airliner that was headed to the White House, Washington DC but it crashed in Pennsylvania at 10.10am after the terrorists were overpowered by passengers. It is believed that the perpetrators were involved in a holy act aimed at killing as many westerners as possible considered to be enemies. The then President George W. Bush was shuttled around the country due to security concerns and was only back to the White House at about 7pm and addressed the nation and indeed the world at 9pm to restore confidence in America’s sovereignty. Operation Enduring Freedom was hatched to oust Taliban regime and destroy the terrorist network of Osama (Bodden, 2007). Arrival of first responders Immediately the World Trade Center, WTC was attacked, there was a concentrated response by emergency services. According to Flood (2011), over 100 emergency medical service, EMS units together with many dozens of private ambulances arrived at the site, setting up triage centers from where the injured would be ferried to hospitals. Over 2,000 Port Authority and NYPD police officers enforced security in the area, ransacked the twin towers and assisted in rescuing survivors. Being a five-alarm fire situation, 214 FDNY units, much more than the required 44 units responded to the emergency with 58 ladder trucks, 112 engines, seve n squad companies, five rescue companies, dozens of chiefs, four marine units and massive support, communication and command units. Unfortunately, many of these first responders were also killed in the process. Why the Attacks? The question of what caused the 9/11 attacks remains elusive but has been largely attributed to the failed foreign policy as was applied in the Middle East. According to Bodden (2007) and Seessel (2003), the US had attracted hostility due to its support for Israel, a Jewish state, to be established and sustained. The Palestinians had for over 60 years raised their plight of being homeless and brutalized but no one, not even the US paid attention to their woes. This support for Israel caused anger among Islamic nations thus causing the radical Islamists to call for the withdrawal of the US from the region. Other initiators of the attacks have been cited as the presence of US troops in Saudi Arabia and the economic sanctions that were imposed against Iraq in 19 90. Therefore, Islamic fundamentalists called on supporters of radical Islam to declare war against the government and citizens of the US.

Religions Influence On Society And Homosexuality Sociology Essay

Religions Influence On Society And Homosexuality Sociology Essay This research paper will look at how religious, mainly Christian, practitioners and studiers of science or psychology have influenced societys view of homosexuality. The Gay Rights Movement has been and is the longest fight for rights in history due to the fervent and persistent opposition put up by fundamentalist Christian leaders and scientists trying to prove homosexuality is a disability, which combined lead to society in general to ostracizing anyone of a different sexual orientation than heterosexual. The pressure that stems from religion is the long-standing belief that homosexuality is a sin. The bible, which to this day remains the best-selling book in the world, quite clearly condemns homosexuality in Leviticus 18:22. The majority of Christian followers interpret this verse literally, condemning anyone of non-heterosexual orientation. A large portion of todays society is overwhelmingly homophobic, and a lot of this has to do with Christianity being the largest religion in t he world, and it has been around for nearly 2000 years. Religion has always offered a why in life, meaning an explanation for why people exist, and science became a rational alternate option. Religion is based entirely on worshipping a deity or higher being that was responsible for the creation of humankind and life in general, whereas science is based on the physical evidence that is interpreted into the scientific version of creation and becoming how humanity is today (evolution). Religion and science, as a general rule, refute each other and constantly campaign to prove the other wrong. Despite this, however, for a very long time they agreed on one thing: homosexuality is bad. Science, for a while professed that homosexuality was one of two things: one it didnt really exist and was a life choice that people made themselves, or two that it was a treatable disorder. Eventually the science community reneged this opinion, after maintaining it for years. Today, groups like the America n Psychiatric Association (APA), who are considered the world experts on the human brain, now have officially declared that homosexuality is not a disorder, syndrome, or any form of mental disease, and cannot be changed by the individual. They also strongly oppose things like anti-gay ministries, where religious organizations will try to fix or save gays. Science became an alternate belief system to religion in the early 1600s. The Catholic church often ostracized members of the church for being scientists, and anyone who believed in something that wasnt Creationism. Christianity became all about tradition and science became all about discovery and changing. The two began a continuous struggle for society to follow one and not the other, and to force society to conform. The vast majority of the human race follows one or the other or both: science and/or religion. Christianity generally condemns homosexuality, and almost always has. This total damnation eventually lead to largely Christian values becoming an intrinsic norm in society as a whole, as demonstrated by the attitude of the public. Christianity remains the root of this hatred, as perpetrated by religious denominations in the world, and by the largely Christian dominated governments in many industrialized countries. The Holy Roman Catholic church was the first established Christian church, and since several hundred denominations have split off from it and each other, producing many different takes on the bible and religious morals. Nearly every culture in the world has or has had religion and now Christianity is the most dominant religion in the world with 1.9 to 2.1 billion believers (all denominations of Christianity). Christianity started with turn of the millennium roughly 2011 years ago. The writing of the New Testament in the bible happened shortly after Jesus was crucified, whi ch religious historians estimate was around 40 AD. Thus Christianity was born. The Old Testament, which Judaism also follows, was written a long time before Jesus came. This is where the book of Leviticus is. 22 Do not have sexual relations with a man as one does with a woman; that is detestable (Leviticus 18:22) is the bible verse that is used to justify religious homophobia (notice that it has nothing about gay women). Many millions of Christians depend on one man to tell them what the bible means and what they should do to follow it and this man is the Pope. He is the leader of the Holy Roman Catholic church. The current one is Pope Benedict XVI. It is a tendency toward an intrinsic moral evil, and thus the inclination itself must be seen as an objective disorderà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦a person engaging in homosexual behavior therefore acts immorally (Benedict XVI) is Pope Benedicts official stance on homosexuality. He does call for more compassion, but maintains that homosexuality is a s in and thinks that sex should occur only between a married man and woman. Many Christian leaders agree with him and have more to add, like Reverend Albert Mohler Jr. There is no conclusive research that indicates any biological basis for sexual orientation. But and this is a big if here if science were ever to discover a correlation or causation with biological factors, Christians should not be surprised. We believe in the catastrophic and comprehensive effects of the Fall and Gods judgment upon sinà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦such a discovery, if it were to be accepted, would not change Gods condemnation of all forms of homosexual behavior, nor would it mean that this represents the inviolable identity of any individual. As I argued previously, moral responsibility does not require absolute moral choice. A soldier in battle may not have chosen to be in a situation of moral anguish, but he is still absolutely responsible for his decisions and actions. Those who commit homosexual acts, whoever they are and whatever their biological profile, are absolutely responsible for their sin. Regardless of any actual or hypothetical orientation, those who commit same-se x acts are responsible for the choice to commit the sinful act. Those who claim that they did not choose their sexual attraction are nevertheless fully responsible for choosing to perform sexual acts the Bible condemns as sin period. (Mohler 2007). This is the opinion R. Albert Mohler Jr. provides for his public in the online newspaper he writes for frequently. He says that homosexuals cant change from being homosexual, but it is acting on it that is a sin. This is a used justification for the persecution of homosexuals. However, some differ from this belief that homosexuality is something that cant be changed just the actions. Many churches believe that therapy can cure homosexuality. This therapy ranges from gay-bashing seminars to shock treatment to gang-rape. There are facilities that use things like seminars on how to become heterosexual, or even shock treatment. These methods are supposed to cure an individual of homosexuality by showing them that being heterosexual is advantageous because it is holy and will get one to heaven. These seminars also tell all the disadvantages of being gay, using the inability to have children between same-sex couples and the bible as justification to become heterosexual. Some people who hav e exited these programs say that they work, and now claim that they are heterosexual. Although the vast majority of religion resoundingly condemns homosexuality, there are some Christians that dont. For example, a book called Homosexuality and the Christian Faith, which was written by several ministers and church-associated people, says that Efforts to change ones sexual orientation usually (some say always) fail. People who have experimented with homosexual behavior (as many heterosexual people do) can turn away from it. And homosexuals, like heterosexuals, can become celibate. But a recent review of research on efforts to help people change their sexual orientation concludes that there is no evidence indicating that such treatments are effective. Christian ex-gay organizations have had a go at this. But now are most are now either defunct or abandoned by their ex-gay founders. Reading their literature, one is struck by the admitted homosexual temptations many ex-gays struggle with (Wink 68). This is the opinion of David G Myers who is a social psychologist and contributed to this book on Accepting What Cannot Be Changed, in Chapter 7. Decidedly, not all Christians are homophobic, in fact there are many who arent and completely reject the policies put out by ministries like the Holy Roman Catholic Church. Denominations like the United Church of Christ (UCC) have earned nicknames like the gay ministry because they were revolutionary in their thinking. The UCC was the first Christian denomination to ordain and hire an out gay minister, as well as the first woman minister and the first black minster. All together, Christianity largely doesnt accept homosexuality and wields a significant influence over society as they have 2.1 billion members. Science is the careful study of physical evidence to find reasoning for life and its many components. It is the way many people rationalize the existence of consciousness and being. Science is anything from the study of insects to the study of the human brain. The human brain has been a source of fascination for hundreds of years. Psychology is not an exact study, which makes it hard to pinpoint. However, people have been trying for years. Famous psychologists like Sigmund Freud had many theories on mental disorders, and homosexuality was counted among these for many years. Starting around 1867, a scientist named Karl Heinrich Ulrichs began publishing his findings on homosexuality and the human brain. He was the first pioneer in the field of homosexuality scientifically. He theorized that gays and lesbians were created during the incubation period, that the external gender was one and the internal gender was the opposite (internal woman, external man or vice versa). He also coined hi s own terms fro gays. An urning was a gay man, an urningin was a lesbian, a dioning was a straight person and a urano-dioning was a bisexual person. Urning meant follower or descencent of Uranus, urningin meant heavenly Aphrodite daughter of Uranus, dioning meant common Aphrodite daughter of Zeus by mortal Dione, and urano-dioning was a combination (Uranus or Ouranus was the Greek god of the sky, who married the earth god, Gaia, and their children were the Titans, who emasculated Uranus for Gaia, and then were imprisoned themselves by their children who were the Greek gods Zeus, Posiedon and Hades). Ulrichs claimed that urnings and urningins were the third sex. He also believed that there was a scale of being gay. Homosexuals were a wiebling or a mannling. Wieblings were the female-type, or receptive, meaning the played the role of a woman during sex, and were also feminine in every other manner. Mannlings were the male-type or insertive, meaning the played the role of a man during sex, and were masculine in every other way. Ulrichs was the very first to ever research homosexuality, and using his studies he advocated for gay rights for his entire career. Magnus Hirschfeld was the second real pioneer in this field of study. His theories were more widely disputed, mostly to the inconsistencies of his theories and his tendency to disagree with himself later on. He was the first scientist in this field to advocate against gay marriage. He theorized that homosexuality was invented by Nature to prevent from producing degenerate offspring. He claimed that homosexual individuals would produce disabled or handicapped children and were also produced by degenerate families, but later refuted this theory when he considered that he himself was gay and could find no fault with his family to use as justification. He did, however, believe that homosexuality was largely dependent on environment. Hirschfeld interpreted masculinity and femininity as abstractions and speculated t hat sexual orientation was intrinsic with male and female characteristics, of the mental and physical levels. Thus people who were more androgynous in appearance and mental make-up were more likely to be gay. He even went as far as speculating about potential spermatozoa in vaginal secretions on women and menstrual blood in the urine of men. The next scientist in this field was named Steinach and was the first to perform any physical surgery to try and cure homosexuality. He performed testicle transplants between heterosexual and homosexual males. He took the testicles of a heterosexual man and placed them in a gay man. This failed to cure the gay men of their homosexuality and actually caused many health problems, like hair loss and the loss of the ability to have an erection. Then came Sigmund Freud. Freud theorized on various matters of psychoanalysis, and did many studies on homosexual men (there werent many studies on lesbians ever). He dealt mainy with the sexual drive area of the brain, called the Libido. He maintained one solid reasoning for men being gay: In their earliest childhood, later forgotten, they had an intense erotic attachment to a female person, as a rule their mother, provoked and fostered by the excessive tenderness of the mother herself, further buttressed by recessiveness of the father in the childs life at a later stage the boy represses his love for his mother by putting himself in her place, identifies himself with her, and takes his own person as a model in whose likeness he chooses his new love objects' (LeVay 33). In short, Freud believed that a smothering mother and a recessive father made a gay man. A follower of Freud named Ovesey took these theories further According to Ovesey, a gay man is often fearful of female genitalia because they remind him of the danger castration. Therefore he represses his attraction to women and the Libido associated with that attraction finds another channel for expression namely in attraction to men. Thus, for many homosexual men homosexuality is not their authentic orientation but merely a displaced route for sexual release (LeVay 75) The only theories he offered on lesbians were that he thought they were upset with only having a clitoris and this made them jealous of the male genitalia. He thought that this shouldnt be used as justification to take rights however Psychoanalytic research, wrote Sigmund Freud in 1915, is most decidedly opposed to any attempt at separating off homosexuals from the rest of mankind as a group of special character' (LeVay 67). Many psychology associations included homosexuality in their list of disorders due to Freud. Later in 1957, The American Psychiatric Association removed homosexuality for its book of disorders, declaring that homosexuality was not a curable problem in the brain. Further scientific research was in the 1900s with genetic research. Many believed for a long time that their might be a gay gene but this theory has been disproved. Most of the major science journals reported on progress in the field of genetics, but also speculated on how the information would now be used. The one piece of information that ever materialized in form the Human Genome Project was the identification of the so called gay-gene' (Harrub and Thompson 1). This was the result of the Human Genome Project, which many people hoped would come with a scientific justification for homosexuality. When it didnt, many still insisted that there was a genetic reason. Science has always existed but people didnt start really studying it until after Christianity was firmly established. There were even some original Christian scientists like Galileo Galeli, who discovered that the solar system is heliocentric instead of geocentric and was ostracized from the Catholic Church because of it. Science is based off of logic and physical evidence, whereas religion is based on faith. Science, because of this, has even influenced religion, because some Christians accept both. Many Christians also believe that homosexuality is a disorder, even though the APA declared it isnt. This is the reasoning behind many ex-gay ministries, even though psychologists overwhelmingly agree that they are extremely harmful to the individual and are not a psychological institutio n by any means. Science, therefore, wields an incredible influence over society due to some religious acceptance and those who dont have a religion who are largely accepting of scientific fact. Society is a complex place. It is so layered with culture and ways of life that it is hard to analyze and make generalizations about. Luckily there are many consistencies and commonalities in cultures. Homosexuality has been around for centuries, around 26 centuries in fact. There is even evidence pre-dating 600 BC, but its accuracy is questionable, so everything after is what is included below: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 600 BC- Island of Lesbos was later the inspiration for the word lesbian à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 27 BC- first recorded same-sex marriages à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 244-249 AD- Emperor Phillip the Arab tries to outlaw homosexual prostitution and fails à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 342- First law against same-sex marriage, promulgated by Christian Emperors à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 390- Homosexuality declared illegal by Christian emperors, and the punishment would be publicly burned alive à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 484- Christian emperors still collect taxes on male prostitutes à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 529- Homosexuals made scapegoat by Christian emperors for things like flooding and storms à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1102- Council of London ensures English public knows homosexuality is sinful à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1260- France places genital mutilation as punishment for homosexuality à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1321- Dantes Inferno places sodomites in the 7th circle of hell à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1476- Leonardo Da Vinci charged with sodomy, no verdict à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1532- Holy Roman Empire makes sodomy death sentence à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1533- King Henry VIII makes male sex death sentence à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1553- Mary Tudor removes King Henry VIIIs laws à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1558- Elizabeth I reinstates Henry VIIIs laws à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1620- Prussia makes sodomy punishable by death à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1649- 1st known conviction for lesbianism (USA) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1721- Execution for female sodomy in Germany à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1791- France decriminalizes homosexuality à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1794- Prussia abolishes death penalty for sodomy à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1811- Netherlands and Indonesia decriminalize homosexuality à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1828- crime against nature is first used in the criminal code in the US à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1830- Brazil decriminalizes homosexuality à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1832- Russia criminalizes homosexuality à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1835- Russia forces Poland to criminalize homosexuality à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1836- last Great Britain execution for homosexuality à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1852- Portugal decriminalizes homosexuality à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1858- Ottoman Empire (Turkey) decriminalizes sodomy; Timor-Leste legalizes homosexuality à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1865- San Marino decriminalizes sodomy à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1867- Karl Heinrich Ulrichs speaks for homosexual rights in Munich à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1871- German Empire criminalizes homosexuality; Guatemala and Mexico decriminalize homosexuality à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1880- Empire of Japan decriminalizes homosexuality à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1886- England decriminalizes homosexuality in men, but not women; Argentina and Portugal decriminalize homosexuality à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1889- Italy decriminalizes homosexuality à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1895- Earl Lind starts first political party with gay rights in the policy agenda à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1903- New York has 1st raid on gay bathhouse, 12 went to trial on sodomy charges à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1910- Emma Goldman fights for homosexual rights à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1913- faggot is used in literature for the first time in France à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1917- Russia repeals previous ruling à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1920- gay is used for the first time referencing homosexuals à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1921- England tries to make lesbianism illegal and fails à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1924- 1st gay rights organization in the USA; Panama, Paraguay and Peru legalize homosexuality à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1933- Denmark decriminalizes homosexuality; National Socialist German Workers Party bans homosexuals; homosexuals are sent to Nazi concentration camps à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1934- Uruguay decriminalizes homosexuality; USSR criminalizes gay men à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1937- Pink Triangle is means gay men for Nazi party à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1940- Iceland decriminalizes homosexuality à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1942- Switzerland decriminalizes homosexuality à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1944- Sweden decriminalizes homosexuality; Suriname legalizes homosexuality à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1945- Allies liberate concentration camps, but homosexuals have to serve full term à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1950- 190 US government employees dismissed for being gay à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1952- Christine Jorgenson is the 1st transgender (Male to Female, MTF) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1954- Alan Turning commits suicide after being given a choice between prison or hormone treatment for being gay à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1956- Thailand decriminalizes homosexuality à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1957- American Psychiatric Association removes homosexuality from its disorders handbook à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1958- US Supreme Court has a 1st case involving gay rights à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1961- Czechoslovakia and Hungary decriminalize sodomy; Vatican declares gays banned from the Catholic church; Illinois 1st US state to decriminalize sodomy à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1963- Israel (De Facto) decriminalize sodomy between men à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1965- 1st gay rights demonstration in Canada à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1967- Chad decriminalizes homosexuality; England and Wales decriminalize homosexuality between men à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1968- East Germany decriminalizes homosexuality à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1969- Canada decriminalizes homosexuality à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1971- Austria, Costa Rica, Finland, Colorado, Oregon, and Idaho repeal sodomy laws; Idaho reinstates because of religious outrage à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1972- Sweden allows legal sex changes; Hawaii legalizes homosexuality; East Lansing (MI), Ann Arbor (MC), and Sam Francisco (CA) are the first cities to pass homosexual rights ordinance à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1973- Malta legalizes homosexuality à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1974- Kathy Kozachenko is the 1st openly gay American elected to public office à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1975- California legalizes homosexuality; South Australia 1st state in Australia to legalize homosexuality; Panama allows legal sex change à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1976- Christian Voice is founded, first anti-gay group à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1977- Harvey Milk is the third out elected offcial; Quebec prohibits discrmination based on sexual orientation; Croatia, Montenegro and Slovenia decriminalize homosexuality à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1978- Harvey Milk is assassinated; rainbow flag is first used as gay pride symbol; IGLA forms à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1979- Spain and Cuba decriminalize homosexuality à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1980- Scotland decriminalizes homosexuality à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1981- Northern Ireland, Victoria (Aus), and Colombia decriminalize homosexuality à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1982- California has 1st gay mayor; AIDS acquires many homophobic nicknames à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1983- Portugal re-legalizes homosexuality à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1985- France prohibits discrimination based on sexual orientation à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1986- Haiti decriminalizes homosexuality à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1987- Homomonument founded in Amsterdam (memorial to persecuted homosexuals) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1988- Belize and Israel (De Jure) decriminalize sodomy and sex between men à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1989- Western Australia decriminalizes homosexuality between men; Liechtenstein legalizes homosexuality à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1990- UK Crown Dependency of Jersey and Queensland decriminalize homosexuality; Justin Fashanu is the 1st out football player à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1991- Bahamas, Hong Kong and Ukraine decriminalize homosexuality à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1992- Estonia and Latvia decriminalize homosexuality; World Health Organization declares homosexuality is not an illness; Australia lets gays in the military; Nicaragua recriminalizes homosexuality à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1993- Norfolk Island (Aus) repeals sodomy laws; Belarus, UK Crown Dependency of Gilbraltar, Iceland, Lithuania and Russia decriminalize homosexuality; USA instates Dont Ask, Dont Tell policy; New Zealand lets gays in the military à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1994- Bermuda, Germany, UK Crown Dependency Isle of Man, Serbia and South Africa decriminalize homosexuality; Canada grants sanctuary to gays fearing persecution à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1995- Canada passes anti-discrimination law based on sexual orientation à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1996- Romania and Macedonia decriminalize homosexuality à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1997- Ecuador and Tasmania decriminalize homosexuality; Fiji and South Africa pass anti-discrimination laws based on sexual orientation à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1998- Bosnia, Herzegovina, Chile, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Southern Cyprus and Tajikistan decriminalize homosexuality; Matthew Shepard is brutally murdered; Ecuador, Ireland and Alberta pass anti-discrimination laws based on sexual orientation à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 2000- Azerbaijan, Gabon and Georgia decriminalize homosexuality; UK lets gays in the military; Nazis officially apologize to gays and lesbians for harm and persecution up to 1969 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 2001- UK Territories decriminalize homosexuality; Rhode Island and Maryland pass anti-discrimination laws based on sexual orientation; Netherlands allows same-sex marriage à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 2002- China and Mongolia decriminalize homosexuality; Romania, Costa Rica and Arkansas repeal sodomy laws; Alaska and New York pass anti-discrimination laws based on sexual orientation à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 2003- Iraq decriminalizes homosexuality; Belgium, Ontario and British Colombia allow same-sex marriage; Bulgaria, UK, Arizona, Kentucky, Michigan, New Mexico, and Pennslyvania pass anti-discrimination laws based on sexual orientation; Armenia and USA repeal sodomy laws; Belize recriminalizes homosexuality à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 2004- Cape Verde, Marshall Islands decriminalize homosexuality; Manitoba, Newfoundland, Labrador, Nova Scotia, Quebec, Saskatchewan, Yukon and Massachusetts allow gay marriage; Australia , Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Oregon, Utah, Arkansas, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Michigan, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Virginia and Wisconsin ban same-sex marriage; Portugal, Indiana, Louisiana and Maine pass anti-discrimination laws based on sexual orientation à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 2005- Canada and Spain allow same-sex marriage; Latvia, Uganda, Kansas and Texas ban same-sex marriage; Illinois passes anti-discrimination laws based on sexual orientation, Puerto Rico repeals sodomy laws à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 2006- South Africa allows same-sex marriage; Tennessee, Alabama, Colorado, Idaho, South Carolina, South Dakota, Virginia and Wisconsin ban same-sex marriage; Faroe Islands, Germany, New Zealand, Illinois, New Jersey, Washington, DC pass anti-discrimination laws based on sexual orientation, Kentucky voids anti-discrimination laws à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 2007- Nepal and New Zealand territories decriminalize homosexuality; UK Colorado, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Ohio, Oregon, and Vermont pass anti discrimination legislation à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 2008- Nicaragua and Panama decriminalize homosexuality; Connecticut allows gay marriage; Arizona, California and Florida ban same-sex marriage à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 2009- India decriminalizes homosexuality; Argentina, Phillipines and Uruguay end ban on gays in the military; Serbia, Delaware, and the USA Matthew Shepard Act, pass anti-discrimination legislation; Iceland has the first gay head of government à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 2010- Fiji decriminalizes homosexuality; Australia lets transgendered people in the military; Serbia lets gays in the military; Australia recognizes non-gender specific people; USA repeals Dont Ask, Dont Tell; Portugal, Iceland, Agentina, Mexico City, new Hampshire and DC pass same-sex marriage As shown, religious persecution dates all the way back to the very beginning of the millennium. This shows that religion is the longest-standing resistance to acceptance of all peoples. Christianity has been trying to outlaw and even execute homosexuals for hundreds of years. Bans on gay marriage, the criminalizing of sodomy or homosexuality, or any other anti-gay legislation is almost guaranteed to be religiously based. In conclusion, the gay rights movement is the longest rights struggle in history. It has not really had any specific leaders, but rather a mish-mash of like-minded people. This has lead to there being much progress, but in many ways there has been recession as well. In the late BC, homosexuality was very much a norm in extremely developed societies like the Greek or Roman Empires. With the rise of Christianity however, this norm became an abnormality, and religion very slowly took over and outlawed homosexuality, putting severe penalties on it, such as death. This continued all over the world for many centuries. Science, in its beginning, did not really make anything better, but instead provided another rational for homosexuality being bad by calling it a disorder.

Free Speech -- The First Amendment

When you think about America, the first thing that comes to mind is liberty. Liberty of the government and its citizens is one thing that colonists exceedingly desired during the British oppressive regime. When United States gained independence, the Founding Fathers drafted the Constitution of the Unites States, a document that has been governing our country for more than 200 years. The constitution was drafted accordingly to ensure that people’s opinions were heard. What our Founding Fathers could not foresee is that in our 21st century, The Freedom of Speech not only gives a person such a massive power, but also an opinion even if it is immoral and goes against citizens’ values. Thesis statement The First Amendment is the right that has been belonging to people since the birth. When we think about freedom of speech, we tend to remember the protester who expressed his opinion through burning the United States flag or about journalists who exposed a corrupt official. But now the trend is to use the First Amendment to release hatred and worshiping mindsets that go against society’s values and morals. Background, History In the United States of America, the First Amendment is one of the things that distinguishes us from any other nations. The First Amendment guarantees the absolute freedom of speech, freedom of press, freedom to exercise any religion and freedom to assemble. In many countries,the press gets censored and people who publicly express their opinion end up in the jail. In our country, however, political speech is protected and any citizen can sue an other if one feels his or her opinion is suppressed. The Westboro Baptist Church, Neo-Nazi, Neo- Klu Klux Klan, and many others emerged as groups that invoke and in... ... on Corporate Speech, the Press Is a Problem." New York Times 8 Feb. 2011: A12(L). Student Resource Center - Gold. Web. 8 Mar. 2011. Document URL†¨http://find.galegroup.com/gps/infomark.do?&contentSet=IAC-Documents&type=retrieve&tabID=T004&prodId=IPS&docId=A248547954&source=gale&srcprod=SRCG&userGroupName=moun43602&version=1.0 Welch, Matt. "The 'costs' of free speech: consequentialism and the First Amendment don't mix." Reason July 2010: 2+. Student Resource Center - Gold. Web. 3 Mar. 2011. Document URL http://find.galegroup.com/gps/infomark.do?&contentSet=IAC-Documents&type=retrieve&tabID=T003&prodId=IPS&docId=A227945164&source=gale&srcprod=SRCG&userGroupName=moun43602&version=1.0 Lawver, Bryan. "Laws Do Not Prevent Hate Speech." The Globe. 27 Apr. 2010. Web. 05 Apr. 2011. .

Despite Risk and Uncertainty Essay

Risk is any factor that may potentially interfere with successful completion of the project. A risk is not a problem-a problem has already occurred; a risk is the recognition that a problem might occur. By recognizing potential problems, the project manager can attempt to avoid a problem through proper actions. Project Management is the skills, tools and management processes required to undertake a project successfully. Stakeholders are persons or organizations that are actively involved in the project, or whose interests may be positively or negatively affected by the project. Organizations take risks to benefit from potential opportunities however; these opportunities involve an element of risk. Projects entail a level of uncertainty and therefore carry business risk. Every project has risks. Organizations that succeed are the ones that plan for those risks – anticipating, mitigating, and providing response and contingency plans for negative events that may or may not occur. Risk Analysis solutions provide the tools for doing just this, enabling companies to identify, assess and model risks – and, in the process, taking much of the uncertainty out of project and portfolio management. A project risk can be defined as an uncertain event or condition that, if it occurs, will have a positive or a negative effect on a project’s objectives. Identifying risk in the planning stage enables better project selection decisions and more accurate budgeting and scheduling, (Oracle white paper,2010). Risk assessment is critical to understanding the impact of risk and uncertainty on project schedule and cost. Once risks are identified and assessed, the next step is to develop a response plan. Typical mitigation actions include adding time to the schedule, deploying more resources on the project, bringing in outside expertise, increasing the budget, just to mention a few. Uncertainty is an inevitable aspect of most projects, but even the most proficient managers have difficulty handling it. They use decision milestones to anticipate outcomes, risk management to prevent disasters and sequential iteration to make sure everyone is making the desired product, yet the project still ends up with an overrun schedule, overflowing budget and compromised specifications. Or it just dies. Unforeseen uncertainty makes contingency  planning more difficult because the project team cannot anticipate everything. Because it is impossible to create a complete contingency plan, the plan must evolve as the project progresses. With unforeseeable uncertainty, a lot of time and effort must go into managing relationships with stakeholders and getting them to accept unplanned changes. Stakeholders often dig in, causing resistance and conflicts. Failing to address risk and uncertainty can lead to consequences that span the spectrum from mere inconvenience to grave danger, (www.ey.com). The article went on to explain some of the effects that risk has on the mining and metals companies projects. Failure to deliver against agreed plans — Realized delivery risks will typically impact one or more of a project’s cost, schedule, scope and quality parameters. Where impacts represent a material variation from approved plans, a critical review of the project’s alignment to Business Case assumptions and rationale may be required. Late-stage Business Case modifications have the potential to undermine the project’s investment case and severely impair stakeholder buy-in and confidence. Loss of competitive advantage — For many mining and metals companies, the ability to efficiently and predictably operationalize assets and infrastructure forms a key source of competitive advantage. As commodity prices, commercial terms and the competitive landscape constantly change, the window for timely project delivery is finite. When risks result in project delays, cost overruns or quality defects, many companies will feel a direct impact on corporate performance and competitive advantage. Damage to reputation — Leading mining and metals companies recognize the essential disjointed role of corporate reputation in securing and maintaining a social licence to operate. The risk of health, safety, environment and community incidents is ever present, demanding high levels of delivery discipline and management vigilance. Where policy, process or control break-downs do occur, and an incident results, mining and metals companies must respond immediately to prevent long-lasting reputational damage. The Impact of a risk may be to the project and its success criteria (eg budget and timeframes or the quality of the project output) or it could be to the business as a result of the way the project is carried out. At the same time,risk assessment increases profitability. Contracts can be selected  and priced at the right level of risk, and the business can be managed with risk fully understood, (Oracle white paper,2009). Specific risks can be negotiated, it can be made clear who bears them, and they can be built in to contracts. After evaluating risks, one can choose a path of risk avoidance or risk mitigation and management. If one understands the risks in a project, one can decide which risks are acceptable and take action to mitigate or forestall those risks. If one’s project risk assessment determines that risks are excessive, one may want to consider restructuring the project to within acceptable levels of risk. Every project has risks and the way that these risks are i dentified, assessed and mitigated plays a critical role in the project outcome. Most firms would rather have projects without risk and uncertainty, to realize more profit and growth and also improve or maintain their good reputation. However, risk and uncertainty are not the only factors that may negatively affect a project thus hindering profitability, growth and good reputation for the organization. There are several other factors that aid a project to contribute to the well-being or downfall of the organization. A project fails when the plan is not met. (Oracle white paper, 2009) Failure means that a project exceeds the timeline, the project has to be founded upon realistic timescales, taking account of statutory lead times, and showing critical dependencies such that any delays can be handled. A schedule should include a satisfactory measurement system as a way of judging actual performance against budget and time allowances, Slevin D.P, Pinto J.K (1987) Failure also means that a project overspends the budget, or underperforms expectation, they need to have a clear project plan that covers the full period of the planned delivery and all business change required, and indicate the means of benefits realization. Lack of clear link between the project and the organization’s key strategic priorities, including agreed measures of success also affect projects. The organization needs to know how the priority of this project compares and aligns with other delivery and operational activities. There is need to have defined the critical success factors (CSFs) for the project. Project success or contribution on profitability, growth and reputation for the organization also dwells on clear senior management and Ministerial ownership and leadership. As noted by Schultz and Slevin (1975), management support for projects, or indeed for  any implementation, has long been considered of great importance in distinguishing between their ultimate success or failure. Without an experienced project manager, projects can quickly spiral out of control. The project management team must have a clear view of the interdependencies between projects, the benefits, and the criteria against which success will be judged. Decisions need to be taken early, decisively, and adhered to, in order to facilitate successful delivery. Another great effect to projects contribution on the organization is effective engagement with stakeholders. It is crucial for the firm to identify the right stakeholders an d secure a common understanding and agreement of stakeholder requirements. The project needs to take sufficient account of the subsisting organizational culture whilst ensuring that there is clear accountability and how to resolve and conflicting priorities. The need for client consultation has been found to be increasingly important in attempting to successfully implement a project. Indeed, Manley(1975) found that the degree to which clients are personally involved in the implementation process will cause great variation in their support for that project. If you are managing an internal project, it might not be wise to upset stakeholders that you might need to deal with at a later date. The need for diplomacy is important, and the political landscape can have a large impact on how easy or difficult it will be to deliver the project,(Bauer M). The extent of stakeholder involvement also affects the reputation of the organization and consequently the profits and growth potential. Lack of skills and proven approach to project management and risk management can affect the project and consequently the organization. . Lack of experience breeds excessive conservatism (K. Humphreys). Not having the right people for a particular project may compromise the job. â€Å"The key to a successful project is to include the right people with the right skill-sets,† says Joel Koppelman. He also quotes, â€Å"All the planning in the world will not compensate a lack of talent.† CONCLUSION Risk and uncertainty actually help the project team and management to stay alert and prepare in advance for possible attacks to the project. Decision-making under conditions of risk where there are assigned estimated probabilities and predicted impacts for each identified risk, enables  management strategies to be developed as a response including monitoring and controlling the risk mitigation to reduce these risks to the desired level. Despite risk and uncertainty, there exist other factors that can greatly affect the outcome of the project on profit, growth and reputation. It can then be concluded that risk and uncertainty are not the only factors that hinder projects from contributing to the profitability, growth and the reputation of the organization. Lack of skills and proven approach to project management and risk management, lack of effective engagement with stakeholders, and clear senior management and Ministerial ownership and leaders affect the outcome of a project. Altho ugh risk and uncertainty have dire consequences for the firm, eliminating them will not guarantee projects contributing to profitability, growth and reputation of the organization. The other factors mentioned above are equally liable to project success. REFERENCES Oracle white paper, A Standardized Approach to Risk Management Improves Project Outcomes and Profitability, April 2010 Oracle Corporation World Headquarters 500 Oracle Parkway Redwood Shores, CA 94065 U.S.A. Dennis P. Slevin and Jeffrey K. Pinto, Balancing Strategy and Tactics in Project Implementation’, Sloan Management Review, Fall, 1987, pp. 33-41, Kenneth K. Humphreys, Project Risk Management – Advantages and Pitfalls Pe Cce Dif, n/d. Schultz, R. L. and Slevin, D. P. â€Å"Implementation and Management Innovation,† in Implementing Operations Research and Management Science, ed. Schultz, R. L. and Slevin, D. P. (Elsevier. New York, 1975), pp. 3-22. Manley. J. H. â€Å"Implementation Attitudes: A Model and a Measurement Methodology.† in Implementing Operating Research and Management Science, ed. Schultz. R. L. and Slevin, D. P. (Elsevier. New York, 1973), pp. 183-202. Oracle White Paper, The Benefits of Risk Assessment for Projects, Portfolios, and Businesses,June 2009. Oracle Corporation World Headquarters 500 Oracle Parkway Redwood Shores, CA 94065 U.S.A. Bauer M. Project Success Factors. Retrieved from www.martinbauer.com/Articles/How-to†¦Project/Project-Success-Factors on 21March 2014.‎ Project Management Planning,January 1997. Retrieved from www.cioarchives.ca.gov/†¦/PM3.10_Planning_Risk_Managem†¦ On 22March 2014. Ernst & Young Global Limited, Effective mining and metals capital project execution,The consequences of risk. U.K Retrieved from www.ey.com on 19 March 2014.

What career in management would be the best fit for me

What career in management would be the best fit for me A career in management has many components such as strategic planning, measuring success, HR and the list continues. The management field can be so broad and versatile you are bound to find your perfect fit in a company. Being in the management field requires a good mix of both people and analytical skills. Good leadership is a must in management! Thinking about a career in management? This quiz is perfect for helping you decide which would be the best.Source [ Playbuzz ]

All About the French Regular Verb Passer (to Pass)

All About the French Regular Verb 'Passer' ('to Pass') Passer (to pass) is a very common and useful regular -er verb, by far the largest group of verbs in the French language. It may be used as a transitive verb that takes a direct object or an intransitive verb, and in doing so, its  compound tenses  are conjugated with either  avoir  or  Ãƒ ªtre. Intransitive Passer   à ªtre With no direct object, passer means to pass and requires à ªtre in the compound tenses: Le train va passer dans cinq minutes.   The train is going to pass / go past in five minutes.Nous sommes passà ©s devant la porte midi.   We passed by the door at noon When followed by an infinitive, passer means to go / come to do something: Je vais passer te voir demain.   Ill come (by to) see you tomorrow.Pouvez-vous passer acheter du pain  ?   Can you go buy some bread? Transitive Passer Avoir When passer is transitive and has a direct object, it means to pass, to cross, to go through, and it requires avoir as the auxiliary verb  in the compound tenses. On doit passer la rivià ¨re avant le coucher du soleil.   We need to cross the river before sunset.Il a dà ©j passà © la porte.   He has already gone through the door. Passer is also used transitively with a period of time to mean to spend: Nous allons passer deux semaines en France.   Were going to spend two weeks in FranceJai passà © trois mois sur ce livre.   Ã‚  I spent 3 months on that book Transitive versus Intransitive While the meanings are nearly the same, the difference is in the object (the noun following the verb). If there is no object, or if a preposition separates the verb and object, the verb is intransitive, as in Je suis passà © devant la porte. If theres no preposition, as in Jai passà © la porte, its transitive. Se Passer The pronominal se passer most often means to take place, to happen, or, in reference to time, to go by. Quest-ce qui se passe  ?   Whats going on?Tout sest bien passà ©.   Everything went smoothly.Deux jours se sont passà ©s.   Two days went by. Expressions With Passer With  idiomatic expressions  using the French verb  passer, you can butter someone up,  handcuff someone, kick the bucket, and more. passer   clothing  Ã‚  to slip on/intopasser   infinitive  Ã‚  to go do somethingpasser la douane   to go through customspasser la radio/tà ©là ©   to be on the radio/TVpasser lheure dà ©tà ©Ã‚  Ã‚  to turn the clocks foward, begin daylight saving timepasser lheure dhiver  Ã‚  to turn the clocks back, end daylight saving timepasser pas lents   to pass slowlypasser de bons moments   to have a good timepasser de bouche en bouche   to be rumored aboutpasser des faux billets   to pass forged moneypasser devant Monsieur le maire   to get marriedpasser du coq là ¢ne  Ã‚  to change the subject, make a non sequiturpasser en courant   to run pastpasser en revue   to list; to go over in ones mind, go through  (figurative)  passer (en)   ordinal number  Ã‚  to put in ___ gearpasser là ¢ge de   to be too old forpasser larme gauche  (familiar)  Ã‚  to kick the bucketpasser la journà ©e/soirà ©e   to spend the day/eveningpasser la main d ans le dos quelquun   to butter someone uppasser la tà ªte la porte   to poke ones head around the door passer le cap   to get past the worst, turn the corner, get over the hurdlepasser le cap des 40 ans   to turn 40passer le poteau   to cross the finish linepasser les bornes   to go too farpasser les menottes quelquun   to handcuff someonepasser par   to go through (an experience or intermediary)passer par de dures à ©preuves   to go through some rough timespasser par toutes les couleurs de larc-en-ciel   to blush to the roots of ones hair, to turn pale (from fear)passer par luniversità ©   to go through collegepasser pour   to take for, be taken forpasser quelque chose quelquun   to pass/hand something to someonepasser quelque chose aux/par profits et pertes   to write something off (as a loss)passer quelque chose en fraude   to smuggle somethingpasser quelque chose sous silence   to pass something over in silencepasser quelquun tabac   to beat someone uppasser quelquun par les armes   to shoot someone by firing squadpasser sa colà ¨re sur quelqu un   to take out ones anger on someone passer sa mauvaise humeur sur quelquun   to take out ones bad mood on someonepasser sa vie faire   to spend ones life doing Conjugations You can see all the tenses  of passer, both simple and compound,  conjugated elsewhere. For now, below is the present tense to illustrate that passer hews exactly to regular -er conjugation endings.   Present tense: je passetu  passesil passenous  passonsvous  passezils  passent

Court Case Scenario Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Court Scenario - Case Study Example Even when Walt concurs that the fault may have occurred due to improper pre-testing of the machine before being installed at the customer's work site, he (Norm) is not willing to implicate that his company is at fault, obviously to save its reputation and market standing especially, because it is now passing through a very difficult phase. Walt Winters is guilty of not having assessed the technical facts thoroughly, before advising Norm to arrange to replace the machinery. He should have conducted necessary tests and overhauled the machine before passing judgment about it. There seems to be a clear case of communication gap between the Technical Department and Customer Servicing Department, and lack of clarity about where the realm of technical responsibility ends, and decision making management begins. All along Walt Winters was under the opinion that the matter was a management decision, whereas Norm felt it was a technical one. However under NSPE Code III I A, Engineers Code is violated when: "Engineer does not admit and accept his own errors related to the action, or Engineer distorts or alters the facts in an attempt to justify his errors related to the action." (NSPE Code of ethics. 2007). So, if the mistake was on the part of R & M Machinery, the company should not have kept silent and it was obligatory on their part to inform their long-standing customer about the deficiency in their service. Their silence, on a crucial aspect of acceptance of fault for defective machinery, has implicated them in this case. Defense: The deficiency of service on the part of the seller regarding the defective machine has not been conclusively proved, but has just been inferred by the prosecution on circumstantial evidence. It is quite possible that a perfect machine delivered by R & M Machinery may have been mishandled, or wrongly used by Exes. The fault may have occurred, not due to the inherent defect in the machine, but due to wrong handling or mal-operational techniques, which could have led to the parts being damaged or rendered unsuitable, thus making the machine inoperative. However, the seller has agreed to replace the machine on good faith and it has been done to the full satisfaction of the buyer. Here the economic factor is absent, since no losses or damages have accrued to the plaintiff. Since no real losses have occurred and the matter has now been amicably settled, the question of any further queries on this issue shall not arise in future. JUDGE: There has been a breach of trust on the part of the seller in not informing the buyer, regarding the actual fault of the machine and the reason for its failure, despite the fact that, with the exercise of due reasonableness and diligence on its part, this could have been done. Prima facie, there seems to be no evidence to suggest that a deviation of Professional Code of Conduct of Engineers has not taken place in this instance. "In addition to being able to use one's mastery of a professional body of knowledge, this knowledge must be applied consistently, reliably and according to a legal and ethical framework." (Nicole Radziwill.

Create your Indiana Geology Discussion Assignment

Create your Indiana Geology Discussion - Assignment Example To be sure, there is the occasional oil spout that just happens, but usually the discovery of oil is the result of painstaking labor on the part of geologists to determine not only where oil lies, but rather or not it exists in a given place in large enough quantities to warrant massive digging and the land destructions that occurs as a result. Most of the oil in Indiana is located in the Southwestern part of the state, and into parts of Illinois and Kentucky. These oil reserves are embedded in sandstone reservoirs that average between 1,000 to 3,000 feet deep. That is some serious digging to be sure. Before digging of that scale can commence, geologists needed to be sure that it would be worth the expense and effort. This is why there was really about 50 years between the discovery of crude oil and the time that Indiana companies began to dig in 1938-1940 (Indiana Government, par. 4). The discovery in Indiana amounted to a total of 900 individual reservoirs located in approximately 500 different fields throughout southwestern Indiana. As mentioned, oil drilling began on a grand scale in 1938 and then began to expand rapidly after that into the Griffin Pool along the Wabash River. These geological features are found in Gibson County. Indiana is ranked 23rd in the United States in terms of crude oil production. While not earth shattering, this amounts to a respectable 1.73 million barrels a year. To protect the geological landscape of the state, and to ensure that environmental safety standards are met and exceeded, Indiana created the Division of Oil and Gas in 1947. They are responsible for making sure laws are followed and they regulate any future oil exploration. The division does employ three petroleum geologists, so the public can rest assured that these people have the states best interests at heart. The chart below, represented by the Indiana Government, is a representation of the oil